鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)主要(yao)包括(kuo)外(wai)觀質量(liang)(liang)(liang),內(nei)(nei)在(zai)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)使用(yong)質量(liang)(liang)(liang).外(wai)觀質量(liang)(liang)(liang)指(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)面粗糙(cao)度(du),表(biao)面缺陷,尺(chi)寸偏(pian)(pian)(pian)差(cha),外(wai)形偏(pian)(pian)(pian)差(cha),重量(liang)(liang)(liang)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)差(cha);內(nei)(nei)在(zai)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)主要(yao)指(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的化學成分(fen),物理性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng),機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng),金(jin)相組(zu)織(zhi)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)存在(zai)于鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei)(nei)部的孔(kong)洞,裂(lie)紋(wen),夾雜(za),偏(pian)(pian)(pian)析(xi)等(deng)(deng)情況;使用(yong)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)指(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)下的工(gong)作(zuo)耐(nai)久能(neng)(neng)(neng)力,包括(kuo)耐(nai)磨,耐(nai)腐蝕,耐(nai)激冷激熱,疲憊,吸(xi)震等(deng)(deng)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)被切削性(xing)(xing),可焊性(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)工(gong)藝性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)對機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)產品(pin)的性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有很(hen)大影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang).例如,機(ji)(ji)(ji)床鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的耐(nai)磨性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)尺(chi)寸穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing),直接影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床的精(jing)度(du)保持壽(shou)命;各類(lei)泵(beng)的葉輪,殼體以(yi)及(ji)(ji)液壓件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei)(nei)腔的尺(chi)寸,型線的準確(que)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)表(biao)面粗糙(cao)度(du),直接影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)泵(beng)和(he)(he)液壓系統的工(gong)作(zuo)效率,能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)消耗和(he)(he)氣蝕的發展(zhan)等(deng)(deng);內(nei)(nei)燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)(ji)缸(gang)體,缸(gang)蓋,缸(gang)套(tao),活塞環,排氣管等(deng)(deng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的強度(du)和(he)(he)耐(nai)激冷激熱性(xing)(xing),直接影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)發動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的工(gong)作(zuo)壽(shou)命.影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)的因素很(hen)多,第(di)1是鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的設計(ji)工(gong)藝性(xing)(xing).進行設計(ji)時,除了要(yao)根據工(gong)作(zuo)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)金(jin)屬材料(liao)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)來確(que)定鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)幾何(he)外(wai)形,尺(chi)寸大小(xiao)外(wai),還必須(xu)從鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)合金(jin)和(he)(he)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)工(gong)藝特性(xing)(xing)的角(jiao)度(du)來考慮設計(ji)的合理性(xing)(xing),即(ji)明顯的尺(chi)寸效應(ying)和(he)(he)凝(ning)固,收縮,應(ying)力等(deng)(deng)問題(ti),以(yi)避免或減少鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的成分(fen)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)析(xi),變形,開裂(lie)等(deng)(deng)缺陷的產生.第(di)2要(yao)有合理的鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)工(gong)藝。